The KCN Chemistry Group

Publications & Patents

208. Ca²⁺ Mobilization with Leukotriene A₄ and Epoxytetraenes in Human Neutrophils, F.W. Luscinskas, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, C.A. Veale, M.A. Gimbrone, Jr., C.N. Serhan, Biochem. Pharmacol. 1990, 39, 355–356.

209. Dithiatopazine and Related Systems. Synthesis, Chemistry, X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis and Calculations, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. DeFrees, C.-K. Hwang, N. Stylianides, P.J. Carrol, J.P. Snyder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3029–3039.

210. Bridging of Macrodithionolactones to Bicyclic Systems. Synthesis of Oxapolycyclic Frameworks. K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, B.E. Marron, S.A. DeFrees, E.A. Couladouros, Y. Abe, P.J. Carrol, J. Snyder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3040–3054.

211. Identification of Lipoxin A₄ and Its Relationship to the Sulfidopeptide Leukotrienes C₄ D₄ and E₄ in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Obtained from Patients with Selected Pulmonary Diseases, T.H. Lee, A.E.G. Crea, V. Grant, B.W. Spur, B.E. Marron, K.C. Nicolaou, E. Reardon, M. Brezinski, C.N. Serhan, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990, 141, 1453–1458.

212. Total Synthesis of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and Lysoglobotriaosylceramide (LysoGb3), K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, Carbohydr. Res. 1990, 202, 177–191.

213. Total Synthesis of the Tumor-Associated Lex Family of Glycosphingolipids, K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, N.A. Stylianides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3693–3697.

214. New Synthetic Strategies for the Construction of Medium Size Ethers. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the BCD Ring Framework of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. McGarry, P.K. Somers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3696–4086.

215. Novel Strategy for the Construction of the Oligosaccharide Fragment of Calicheamicin γ₁^I. Synthesis of the ABC Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, R.D. Groneberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4085–4086.

216. Synthesis of Medium-Sized Ring Ethers from Thionolactones. Applications to Polyether Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. McGarry, P.K. Somers, B.H. Kim, W.W. Ogilvie, G. Yiannikouros, C.V.C. Prasad, C.A. Veale, R.R. Hark, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6263–6276.

217. Synthesis of the CD and E Ring Systems of the Calicheamicin γ₁^I Oligosaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, R.D. Groneberg, N.A. Stylianides, T. Miyazaki, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 18, 1275–1277.

218. Stereocontrolled Second Generation Syntheses of the ABC and FG Ring Systems of Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Nugiel, E. Couladouros, C.-K. Hwang, Tetrahedron 1990, 46, 4517–4552.

219. Golfomycin A: A Novel Designer Molecule with DNA-Cleaving Properties and Antitumor Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Skokotas, S. Furuya, H. Suemune, D. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1064–1067.

220. Novel Stereocontrolled Construction of the Nonacene Ring System of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, C.V.C. Prasad, W.W. Ogilvie, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4988–4989.

221. Evaluation of Synthetic Sphingosine, Lysosphingolipids and Glycosphingolipids as Inhibitors of Functional Responses of Human Neutrophils, S. Fiore, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, C.N. Serhan, Biochem. J. 1990, 266, 25–31.

222. Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, K.C. Nicolaou, J.M. Salvino, K. Raynor, S. Pietranico, T. Reisine, R.M. Freidinger, R. Hirschmann, Proc. of the 11th American Peptide Symp.,J.E. Rivier and G.R. Marshall, Eds., Escom, Leichen, 1990, pp. 881–883.

223. DNA-Cleavage and Antitumor Activity of Designed Molecules with Conjugated Phosphine-allene-ene-yne Functionalities, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Maligres, J. Shin, E. de Leon, D. Rideout, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7825–7826.

224. Total Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Fragment of Calicheamicin γ₁^I, K.C. Nicolaou, R.D. Groneberg, T. Miyazaki, N.A. Stylianides, T.J. Schultze, W. Stahl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8193–8195.

225. Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B, K.C. Nicolaou, W.W. Ogilvie, ChemTracts 1990, 3, 327–349.

226. Synthesis of Dynemicin A Models, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, A.L. Smith, S.V. Wendeborn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7416–7418.

227. Synthesis of Novel Oligosaccharides, K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Caulfield, R.D. Groneberg, Pure Appl. Chem. 1991, 63, 555–560.

228. Lipoxins and Related Eicosanoids: Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis and Biological Properties, K.C. Nicolaou, J.Y. Ramphal, N.A. Petasis, C.N. Serhan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1100–1116.

229. Selectivity and Mechanism of Action of Novel DNA Cleaving Agents, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Wendeborn, K. Isshiki, N. Zein, G. Ellestad, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 418–420.

230. Synthesis and Chemistry of Dynemicin A Models, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, S.V. Wendeborn, C.K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3106–3114.

231. Chemical Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids, K.C. Nicolaou, ChemTracts 1991, 4, 181–198.

232. Novel Strategies for the Construction of Complex Polycyclic Ether Frameworks. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the FGHIJ Ring System of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, C.A. Veale, C.-K. Hwang, J. Hutchinson, C.V.C. Prasad, W.W. Ogilvie, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 299–303.

233. Synthetic Strategy for the Coupling of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide with Aglycons. Synthesis of Dynemicin A - Calicheamicin Hybrid Structures, K.C. Nicolaou, E.P. Schreiner, W. Stahl, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 585–588.

234. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Sialyl Lex, the Oligosaccharide Binding Ligand to ELAM-1, K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, N.J. Bockovich,C.-H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 870–872.

235. Enediyne Compounds Equipped with Acid-, Base-, and Photo-Sensitive Triggering Devices. Simulation of the Dynemicin A Cascade, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, S. Wendeborn, A.L. Smith, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1032–1036.

236. Synthesis of Novel Oligosaccharides Based on Glycosyltransferases: b1,4Galactosyltransferase, C-H. Wong, T. Krach, C. Gautheron-Le Narvor, Y. Ichikawa, G.L. Look, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4867–4870.

237. Chemistry and Biology of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1387–1416.

238. Novel Enediynes Equipped with Triggering and Detection Devices. Isolation of cis-Diol Models of the Dynemicin A Cascade, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Hong, S.-C. Tsay, W.-M. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9878–9880.

239. Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin-Dynemicin Hybrid Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, E.P. Schreiner, Y. Iwabuchi, T. Suzuki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 340–342.

240. Cationization of Organometallo Carbonyl Compounds Through Fast Ion Bombardment, G. Siuzdak, S.V. Wendeborn, K.C. Nicolaou, Int'nl J. Mass Spectr. & Ion Proc. 1992, 112,79–91.

241. Designed Enediynes. A New Class of DNA-Cleaving Molecules with Potent and Selective Anticancer Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, S.-C. Tsay, V.A. Estevez, W. Wrasidlo, Science 1992, 256, 1172–1178.

242. Total Synthesis of Sialyl Dimeric Lex, K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, Y. Iwabuchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3126–3128.

243. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Calicheamicinone, A.L. Smith, C.-K. Hwang, E. Pitsinos, G.R. Scarlato, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3134–3136.

244. Total Synthesis of the Carbohydrate Fragments of Esperamicin A1, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Clark, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 855–857.

245. Design, Synthesis and Study of Simple Monocyclic Conjugated Enediynes. The 10-Membered Ring Enediyne Moiety of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou G. Zuccarello, C. Reimer, V.A. Estevez, W.-M. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7360–7371.

246. Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis of Potent Enediynes 1. Dynemicin Model Systems Equipped with N-Tethered Triggering Devices, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Maligres, T. Suzuki, S.V. Wendeborn, W.-M. Dai, R. Chadha, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8890–8907.

247. Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis of Potent Enediynes 2. Dynemicin Model Systems Equipped with C-3 Triggering Devices and Evidence for Quinone Methide Formation in the Mechanism of Action of Dynemicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8908–8921.

248. 10-Membered Ring Enediynes with Remarkable Chemical and Biological Profiles, K.C. Nicolaou, E. Sorensen, R. Discordia, C.-K. Hwang, R.E. Minto, K.N. Bharucha, R.G. Bergman, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1044–1046.

249. DNA-Carbohydrate Interactions. Specific Binding of the Calicheamicin γ1I Oligosaccharide with Duplex DNA, K.C. Nicolaou, S.-C. Tsay, T. Suzuki, G. Joyce, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7555–7557.

250. A Convergent Strategy Towards Taxol. A Facile Enantioselective Entry Into Fully Functionalized Ring A System, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, E.J. Sorenson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1117–1118.

251. Conformational Studies of Sialyl Lewis x in Aqueous Solution, Y-C. Ling, C.W. Hummel, D.-H. Huang, Y. Ichikawa, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-H. Wong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5452–5454.

252. Molecular Design, Chemical Synthesis and Biological Action of Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 497–503.

253. Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized CD Ring System of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, J.-J. Liu, C.-K. Hwang, W.-M. Dai, R.K. Guy, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1118–1120.

254. Total Synthesis of Hemibrevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, K.R. Reddy, G. Skokotas, F. Sato, X.-Y. Xiao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7935–7936.

255. Redox-controlled Bergman Cycloaromatizations. Designed Enediynes with DNA Cleaving Properties and Antitumor Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Liu, Z. Zeng, S. McComb, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9279–9282.

256. Synthesis and Biological Actions of Optically Active Enediynes Related to Dynemicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Hong, W.-M. Dai, Z.-J. Zeng, W. Wrasidlo, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1542–1544.

257. Total Synthesis of the NodRm-IV Factors, the Rhizobium Nodulation Signals, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, D.R. Carcanague, C.W. Hummel, L. Even, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8701–8702.

258. On the Mechanism of Activation of Designed Enediynes with Selective Cytotoxicity, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, S.-C. Tsay, W. Wrasidlo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.1992, 2, 1155–1160.

259. The Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γ₁^I. K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, E.N. Pitsinos, M. Nakada, A.L. Smith, K. Shibayama, H. Saimoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10082–10084.

260. Nonpeptidal Peptidomimetic with a b-D-Glucose Scaffolding. A Partial Somatostatin Agonist Bearing a Close Structural Relationship to a Potent, Selective Substance P Antagonist, R. Hirschmann, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Pietranico, J. Salvino, E.M. Leahy, P.A. Sprengler, G. Furst, A.B. Smith, III, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9217–9218.

261. Cell Specific Regulation of Apoptosis by Designed Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Stabila, B. Asmaeli-Azad, W. Wrasidlo, A. Hiatt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992, 90, 3142–3146 (1993).

262. A New Designed Tumor Selective Daunomycin Derivative, P.E. Maligres, K.C. Nicolaou, W. Wrasidlo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 1051–1054.

263. Molecular Basis for the Inhibition of Human a-Thrombin by Macrocyclic Peptide Cyclotheonamide A, B.E. Maryanoff, X. Qiu, K. Padmanabhan, A. Tulinsky, H.R. Almond, Jr., P. Andrade-Gordon, M.N. Greco, J.A. Kauffman, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Liu, P.H. Brungs, N. Fusetani, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90, 8048–8052.

264. Evidence of Ca⁺² Dependent Carbohydrate Association Through Ion Spray Mass Spectrometry, G. Siuzdak, Y. Ichikawa, T.C. Caulfield, B. Munoz, C.-H. Wong, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2877–2881.

265. Total Synthesis of Hemibrevetoxin B and (7a)-epi-Hemibrevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, K. R. Reddy, G. Skokotas, F. Sato, X-.Y. Xiao, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3558–3575.

266. A Highly Convergent Strategy Towards Rapamycin. Stereoselective Construction of the C₈-C₁₈ Fragment, A.D. Piscopio, N. Minowa, T.K. Chakraborty, K. Koide, P. Bertinato, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 617–618.

267. Stereoselective Construction of the C₂₁-C₄₂ Fragment of Rapamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Bertinato, A.D. Piscopio, T.K. Chakraborty, N. Minowa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 619–622.

268. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, T.K. Chakraborty, A.D. Piscopio, N. Minowa, P. Bertinato, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419–4420.

269. Progress Towards the Total Synthesis of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1271–1280.

270. Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γ₁^I 1. Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Fragment, R.D. Groneberg, T. Miyazaki, N.A. Stylianides, T.J. Schulze, W. Stahl, E.P. Schreiner, T. Suzuki, Y. Iwabuchi, A.L. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7593–7611.

271. The Total Synthesis Calicheamicin γ₁^I: 2. The Development of an Enantioselective Route to (–)-Calicheamicinone, A.L. Smith, E. Pitsinos, C.-K. Hwang, Y. Mizuno, H. Saimoto, G.R. Scarlato, T. Suzuki, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7612–7624.

272. The Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γ₁^I: 3. The Final Stages, K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, M. Nakada, K. Shibayama, E.N. Pitsinos, H. Saimoto, Y. Mizuno, K.-U. Baldenius, A.L. Smith, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7625–7635.

273. Chemistry and Biology of Natural and Designed Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, E.W. Yue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90, 5881–5888.

274. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Protaxols, K.C. Nicolaou, C. Reimer, M. Kerr, D. Rideout, W. Wrasidlo, Nature 1993, 364, 464–466.

275. Synthesis of ABC Taxoid Ring Systems via a Convergent Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, E.J. Sorensen, M. Nakada, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993,1024–1026.

276. Progress In the Total Synthesis of Brevetoxins, K.R. Reddy, G. Skokotas, K.C. Nicolaou, Gazzetta Chimica Ital. 1993, 123, 337–341.

277. Molecular Design, Chemical Synthesis, Kinetic Studies, Calculations, and Biological Studies of Novel Enediynes Equipped with Triggering, Detection and Deactivating Devices. Model Dynemicin A Epoxide and cis-Diol Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, Y.-P. Hong, S.-C. Tsay, K.K. Baldridge, J.S. Siegel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7944–7953.

278. New Synthetic Methods and Strategies and Total Synthesis of Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, Aldrichimica Acta 1993, 26, 63–77.

279. Total Synthesis of Sulfated Lex and Lea-Type Oligosaccharide Selectin Ligands, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, D.R. Carcanague, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8843–8844.

280. The Battle of Calicheamicin, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1377–1385.

281. Sulfur and the Enediyne Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1993, 74, 47–58.

282. De Novo Design and Synthesis of Somatostatin Non-Peptide Peptidomimetics Utilizing b-D-Glucose As a Novel Scaffolding, R. Hirschmann, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Pietranico, E.M. Leahy, B. Aryson, M.A. Cichy, P.G. Spoors, J. Salvino, W.C. Shakespeare, P.A. Sprengler, P. Hamley, A.B. Smith, T. Reisine, K. Raynor, C. Donaldson, W. Vale, L. Maechler, R.M. Freidinger, C.D. Strader, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 12550–12568.

283. Preclinical Studies of Designed Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Mauch, R. Merlock, W. Wrasidlo, Recent Advances in Chemotherapy Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Chemotherapy In J. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1993, 873–875.

284. Chemistry and Biology of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, R.K. Guy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 15–44.

285. Calicheamicin γ₁^I: A Rationally Designed Molecule with Extremely Potent and Selective DNA Cleaving Properties and Apoptosis Inducing Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Li, M. Nakada, C.W. Hummel, A. Hiatt, W. Wrasidlo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 183–186.

286. Novel Chemistry of Taxol. Retrosynthetic and Synthetic Studies, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Nantermet, H. Ueno, R.K. Guy, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994,295–296.

287. The Magic of Enediyne Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Br. 1994, 30, 33–36.

288. Sulfated Blood Group Lewis a - A Superior Oligosaccharide Ligand for Human E-Selectin, C.-T. Yuen, K. Bezouska, J.O. Brien, M. Stoll, R. Lemoine, A. Lubineau, M, Kiso, A. Hasegawa, N.J. Bockovich, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Feizi, J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 1595–1598.

289. Total Synthesis of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, J.J. Liu, H. Ueno, P.G. Nantermet, R.K. Guy, C.F. Claiborne, J.B. Renaud, E.A. Couladouros, K. Paulvannan, E.J. Sorensen, Nature 1994, 367, 630–634.

290. Synthesis of Novel Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, C.F. Claiborne, P.G. Nantermet, E.A. Couladouros, E.J. Sorensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1591–1592.

291. Chemistry and Biology of the Calicheamicins, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1994, 1, xxvi–xxvii.

292. Synthesis of Anthraquinone Framework of Dynemicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gross, M. Kerr, R.H. Lemus, K. Ikeda, H. Ohe, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 781–783.

293. Interaction of Calicheamicin with Duplex DNA: Role of the Oligosaccharide Domain and Identification of Multiple Binding Modes, L. Gomez Paloma, J.A. Smith, W.J. Chazin, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3697–3708.

294. Carbohydrate - Minor Groove Interactions in the Binding of Calicheamicin g1I to Duplex DNA, T. Li, Z. Zeng, V.A. Estevez, K.-U. Baldenius, K.C Nicolaou, G.F. Joyce, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3709–3715.

295. A Convergent Approach to Swinholide A. Stereoselective Construction of the C3-C17 Fragment of Swinholide A, A.P. Patron, P. Richter, M.J. Tomaszewski, R.A. Miller, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994,1147–1150.

296. Stereoselective Construction of the C₁₈-C₃₂ Fragment of Swinholide A, P.K. Richter, M.J. Tomaszewski, R. Miller, A.P. Patron, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994,1151–1152.

297. Chemical Self-Replication of Palindromic Duplex DNA, T. Li, K.C. Nicolaou, Nature 1994, 367, 218–221.

298. Synthesis of C-2 Taxol Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, E.A. Couladouros, P.G. Nantermet, J. Renaud, R.K. Guy, W. Wrasidlo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1581–1583.

299. A Water-Soluble Prodrug of Taxol with Self-Assembling Properties, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, E.N. Pitsinos, W. Wrasidlo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1583–1587.

300. Antiproliferative Effects of Enediynes on AIDS-derived Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells, J. Corbeil, D.D. Richman, W. Wrasidlo, K.C. Nicolaou, D.J. Looney, Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 4270–4273.

301. Total Synthesis of Balanol, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Bunnage, K. Koide, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8402–8403.

302. Synthetic Calicheamicin Mimics with Novel Initiation Mechanisms: DNA Cleavage, Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis, K.C. Nicolaou, E.N. Pitsinos, E.A. Theodorakis, H. Saimoto, W. Wrasidlo, Chem. Biol. 1994, 1, 57–66.

303. Conformation of Water-Soluble Derivative of Taxol in Water by 2D-NMR Spectroscopy, L. Gomez-Paloma, R.K. Guy, W. Wrasidlo, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1994, 1, 107–112.

304. Total Synthesis of Truncated Brevetoxin B [AFGHIJK], K.C. Nicolaou, J. Tiebes, E.A. Theodorakis, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, K. Koide, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9371–9372.

305. Studies Towards the Synthesis of Esperamicinone, D.A. Clark, F. De Riccardis, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 11391–11426.

306. Zaragozic Acid A/Squalestatin S1: Synthetic and Retrosynthetic Studies, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, Y. Naniwa, F. De Riccardis, A. Nadin, J.E. Leresche, S. La Greca, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2184–2187.

307. Synthesis of the First Fully Functionalized Core of the Zaragozic Acids/Squalestatins, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Nadin, J.E. Leresche, S. La Greca, T. Tsuri, E.W. Yue, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2187–2190.

308. Total Synthesis of Zaragozic Acid A/Squalestatin S1, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Nadin, J.E. Leresche, E.W. Yue, S. La Greca, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2190–2191.

309. Photochemical Analogue of the Bergman Cycloaromatization Reaction, N.J. Turro, A. Evenzahav, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8089–8092.

310. Examination of the Sialyl Lewis X - Calcium Complex by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, G. Siuzdak, Z.-L. Zheng, J.R. Ramphal, Y. Ichikawa, K.C. Nicolaou, F.C.A. Gaeta, K.S. Chatman, C.-H. Wong, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1994, 4, 2863–2866.

311. The Total Synthesis of Paclitaxel by Assembly of the Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, 207th ACS Symposium Series No. 583, Ch. 22, 1995, 302–312.

312. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 1. Retrosynthesis, Degradation, and Reconstitution, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Nantermet, H. Ueno, R.K. Guy, E.A. Couladouros, E.J. Sorensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 624–633.

313. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 2. Construction of A and C Ring Intermediates and Initial Attempts to Construct the ABC Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, J.-J. Liu, Z. Yang, H. Ueno, E.J. Sorensen, C.F. Claiborne, R.K. Guy, C.-K. Hwang, M. Nakada, P.G. Nantermet, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 634–644.

314. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 3. Formation of Taxol's ABC Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, J.-J. Liu, P.G. Nantermet, C.F. Claiborne, J. Renaud, R.K. Guy, K. Shibayama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 645–652.

315. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 4. The Final Stages and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Ueno, J.-J. Liu, P.G. Nantermet, Z. Yang, J. Renaud, K. Paulvannan, R. Chadha, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 653–659.

316. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. 1: CDEFG Framework, K.C. Nicolaou, E. Theodorakis, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, J. Tiebes, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, X.-Y. Xiao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1171–1172.

317. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. 2: Completion, K.C. Nicolaou, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, E. Theodorakis, J. Tiebes, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1173–1174.

318. Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. Convergent Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamides A and B via a Late-Stage Primary Amine Intermediate. Study of Thrombin Inhibition under Diverse Conditions, B.E. Maryanoff, M.N. Greco, H.-C. Zhang, P. Andrade-Gordon, J.A. Kaufmann, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Liu, P.H. Brungs, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1225–1239.

319. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-2 Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Renaud, P.G. Nantermet, E.A. Couladouros, R.K. Guy, W. Wrasidlo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2409–2420.

320. Design and Synthesis of a Rapamycin-Based High Affinity Binding FKBP12 Ligand, T.K. Chakraborty, H.P. Weber, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 157–161.

321. DNA-Carbohydrate Recognition: Design and Synthesis of an Eight-Based Sequence-Selective DNA-Binding Oligosaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, B.M. Smith, T. Li, M.G. Egan, L. Gomez-Paloma, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 576–578.

322. Carbonucleotoids and Carbopeptoids: New Carbohydrate Oligomers, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Florke, M.G. Egan, T. Barth, V.A. Estevez, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 1775–1778.

323. Total Synthesis of Taxol and Designed Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, New Perspectives in Drug Design Symposium, Turnberry, Scotland, Academic Press, London, Ch. 5, 1995, pp. 69–87.

324. Further Studies of the Binding Specificity of the Leucocyte Adhesion Molecule, L-Selectin, Towards Sulphated Oligosaccharides– Suggestion of a Link Between the Selectin- and the Integrin-Mediated Lymphocyte Adhesion Systems. P.J. Green, C.-T. Yuen, R.A. Childs, W. Chai, M. Miyasaka, R. Lemoine, A. Lubineau, B. Smith, H. Ueno, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Feizi, Glycobiology 1995, 5, 29–38.

325. In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Novel Synthetic Enediynes, W. Wrasildo, A. Hiatt, S. Mauch, R.A. Merlock, K.C. Nicolaou, Acta Oncologica 1995, 34, 157–164.

326. Characterization of a Binding Site for Chemically Synthesized Lipo-oligosaccharidic NodRm Factors in Particulate Fractions Prepared From Roots, J.-J. Bono, J. Riond, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, V.A. Estevez, J.V. Cullimore, R. Ranjeva, The Plant J. 1995, 7, 253–260.

327. The Relationship of Brevetoxin “Length” and A-Ring Functionality to Binding and Activity in Neuronal Sodium Channels, R.E. Gawley, K.S. Rein, G. Jeglitsche, D.J. Adams, E.A. Theodorakis, J. Tiebes, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. Baden, Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 533–541.

328. The Enediyne Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, in Modern Acetylene Chemistry, P.J. Stang and F. Diederich, Eds., VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Ch. 7, 1995, pp. 203–283.

329. Conversion of Thionoesters and Thionolactones to Ethers. A General and Efficient Radical Desulfurization. K.C. Nicolaou, M. Sato, E.A. Theodorakis, N.D. Miller, Chem. Commun. 1995,1583–1585.

330. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, A.D. Piscopio, P. Bertinato, T.K. Chakraborty, N. Minowa, K. Koide, Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 318–323.

331. Enzymatic Resolution of a Key Stereochemical Intermediate for the Synthesis of (–)-Taxol, C.R. Johnson, Y. Xu, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, R.K. Guy, J.G. Dong, N. Berova, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3291–3294.

332. The Conquest of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2079–2090.

333. Molecular Design and Biological Activity of Potent and Selective Protein Kinase Inhibitors Related to Balanol, K. Koide, M.E. Bunnage, L. Gomez-Paloma, J.R. Kanter, S.S. Taylor, L.L. Brunton, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 601–608.

334. Total Synthesis of Balanol and Designed Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Koide, M.E. Bunnage, Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 454–466.

335. Synthesis of Zaragozic Acid A/Squalestatin S1, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, S. La Greca, A. Nadin, Z. Yang, J.E. Leresche, T. Tsuri, Y. Naniwa, F. De Riccardis, Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 467–494.

336. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B 1. First Generation Strategies and New Approaches to Oxepane Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, D.A. Nugiel, Y. Abe, K. Bal Reddy, S.A. DeFrees, D.R. Reddy, R.A. Awartani, S.R. Conley, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, E.A. Theodorakis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10227–10238.

337. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B 2. Second Generation Strategies and Construction of the Dioxepane Region (DEFG), K.C. Nicolaou, E.A Theodorakis, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, M. Sato, J. Tiebes, X.-Y. Xiao, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, Z. Yang, E.A. Couladouros, F. Sato, J. Shin, H.-M. He, T. Bleckman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10239–10251.

338. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B 3. The Final Strategy and Completion, K.C. Nicolaou, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, E.A. Theodorakis, J. Tiebes, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10252–10263.

339. Radiofrequency Encoded Combinatorial Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, X.-Y. Xiao, Z. Parandoosh, A. Senyei, M.P. Nova, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2289–2291.

340. Chemistry at the Cutting Edge of Biology and Medicine, K.C. Nicolaou, Chimika Chronika 1995, 203–212 (Review in Greek).

341. Sequence Selective Carbohydrate-DNA Interactions: Dimeric and Monomeric Forms of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide Interfere with Transciption Factor Function, C. Liu, B.M. Smith, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, L. Gomez-Paloma, T. Li, E.A. Theodorakis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Vogt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93, 940–944.

342. Olefin Metathesis in Cyclic Ether Formation. Direct Conversion of Olefinic Esters to Cyclic Enol Ethers with Tebbe-type Reagents, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, C.F. Claiborne, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1565–1566.

343. DNA-Carbohydrate Interactions. Specific Binding of Head-to-Head and Head-to-Tail Dimers of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide to Duplex DNA, K.C. Nicolaou, B.M. Smith, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, L. Gomez-Paloma, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2303–2304.

344. Total Synthesis of Swinholide A, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, A.P. Patron, H. Khatuya, P.K. Richter, P. Bertinato, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3059–3060.

345. Copper(I)-Promoted Stille Cross-Coupling of Stannyl Enol Ethers with Enol Triflates: Construction of Complex Polyether Frameworks, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Sato, N.D. Miller, J.L. Gunzner, J. Renaud, E. Untersteller, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 889–891.

346. Taxoids: New Weapons Against Cancer, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, P. Potier, Sci. Am. 1996, June,84–88.

347. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. A Twelve-Year Synthetic Odyssey in Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 589–607.

348. Enediyne Generation by a Retro-Diels–Alder Strategy, M.E. Bunnage, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1112–1115.

349. DNA-Carbohydrate Interactions. Design and Synthesis of Head-to-Tail Dimer of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, B.M. Smith, P. Bertinato, L. Gomez-Paloma, Chem. Commun. 1996,1495–1496.

350. The Enediyne Antibiotics, A.L. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2103–2117.

351. Total Synthesis of Swinholide A, Preswinholide A and Hemiswinholide A, K.C. Nicolaou, A.P. Patron, K. Ajito, P.K. Richter, H. Khatuya, P. Bertinato, R.A. Miller, M.J. Tomaszewski, Chem. Eur. J. 1996, 2, 847–868.

352. Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Related to the Dynemicin A Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gross, M.A. Kerr, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33, 735–746.

353. Chemistry and Biology of the Zaragozic Acids (Squalestatins), A. Nadin, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1623–1656.

354. Solution Structure of the Head-to-Head Dimer of Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide Domain and d(CGTAGGATATCCTACG)2, G. Bifulco, A. Galeone, L. Gomez-Paloma, K.C. Nicolaou, W.J. Chazin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 8817–8824.

355. An Olefin Metathesis Based Strategy for the Construction of the JKL, OPQ and UVW Ring Systems of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, E.W. Yue, A. Nadin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10335–10336.

356. Chemistry and Biology of Selected Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, E.A. Theodorakis, C.F. Claiborne, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 2129–2136.

357. An Approach to Epothilones Based on Olefin Metathesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2399–2401.

358. Flourescent Taxoids, R.K. Guy, Z.A. Scott, R.S. Sloboda, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1996, 3, 1021–1031.

359. Oligosaccharide Synthesis via Glycosyl Fluorides and Sulfides, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Ueno, in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry, S. Hanessian, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Ch. 13, 1997, pp. 313–338.

360. Total Synthesis of Epothilone A: The Olefin Metathesis Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 36, 166–168.

361. Total Synthesis of Natural Products and Designed Molecules: Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, E.A. Theodorakis, Pure Appl. Chem. Medicinal Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow, M. Yamazaki, Ed., Blackwell Science, Cambridge, UK, 1997, pp. 49–56.

362. A General and Highly Efficient Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Total Synthesis of Heptasaccharide Phytoalexin Elicitor (HPE), K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, J. Pastor, F. DeRoose, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 449–450.

363. Total Synthesis of Epothilone A: The Macrolactonization Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 525–527.

364. The Oxide Anion Accelerated Retro-Diels–Alder Reaction, M.E. Bunnage, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 187–192.

365. Total Synthesis of Selected Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, Pure Appl. Chem. 1997, 69, 413–418.

366. The Chemical Synthesis of C-Ring Aryl Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, C.F. Claiborne, K. Paulvannan, M.H.D. Postema, R.K. Guy, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 399–409.

367. Synthesis of DNA-Binding Oligosaccharides, K.C. Nicolaou, B.M. Smith, J. Pastor, Y. Watanabe, D.S. Weinstein, Synlett 1997, 401–410.

368. New Synthetic Technology for the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers: Construction of C-O-D and D-O-E Ring Model Systems of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N. Boddy, S. Natarajan, T.-Y. Yue, H. Li, S. Bräse, J.M. Ramanjulu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3421–3422.

369. The Chemical End-Ligation of Homopyrimidine Oligodeoxyribonucleotides within a DNA Triple Helix, D.S. Weinstein, T. Li, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1997, 4, 209–214.

370. Synthesis of Epothilones A and B in Solid and Solution Phase, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, J. Pastor, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, Z. Yang, T. Li, P. Giannakakou, E. Hamel, Nature 1997, 387, 268–272.

371. Synthetic Studies on Maduropeptin Chromophore 1. Construction of the Aryl Ether and Attempted Synthesis of the [7.3.0] Bicyclic System, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Koide, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 3667–3670.

372. Synthetic Studies on Maduropeptin Chromophore 2. Synthesis of the Madurosamine Aryl Amide and the C1¢-C9¢ Fragments, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Koide, J. Xu, M.H. Izraelewicz, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 3671–3674.

373. Palladium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Lactones via Their Cyclic Ketene Acetal Phosphates. Efficient New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Medium and Large Cyclic Ethers, K.C. Nicolaou, G.-Q. Shi, J.L. Gunzner, P. Gärtner, Z. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5467–5468.

374. Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of CP-225,917 and CP-263,114 by an Intramolecular Diels–Alder Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, M.W. Härter, L. Boulton, B. Jandeleit, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1194–1196.

375. The Wittig and Related Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, M.W. Härter, J.L. Gunzner, A. Nadin, Liebigs Annalen 1997, 1283–1301.

376. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Mimetics of cRGDFV, K.C. Nicolaou, J.I. Trujillo, K. Chibale, Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 8751–8778.

377. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Vancomycin-Type Biaryl Ring Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, X.-J. Chu, J.M. Ramanjulu, S. Natarajan, S. Bräse, F. Rübsam, C.N.C. Boddy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1539–1540.

378. The Olefin Metathesis Approach to Epothilone A and Its Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, F. Roschangar, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, Z. Yang, J.I. Trujillo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7960–7973.

379. Total Syntheses of Epothilones A and B via a Macrolactonization Based Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, D. Vourloumis, Y. He, H. Vallberg, Finlay, M.R.V., Z. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7974–7991.

380. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of 9-Membered Ring Cyclic Ethers. Construction of the EFGH Ring Skeleton of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou Z. Yang, M. Ouellette, G.-Q. Shi, P. Gärtner, J.L. Gunzner, C. Agrios, R. Huber, D.H. Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 8105–8106.

381. Intelligent Drug Discovery from Nature, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, J.L. Gunzner, MedChem News 7, 12–18 (1997) [Intelligent Drug Discovery from Nature, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K.Guy, J.L. Gunzner, Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 33, 1997, 1339–1346 (Same content; in Japanese)].

382. Designed Epothilones: Combinatorial Synthesis, Tubulin Assembly Properties and Cytotoxic Action Against Taxol-Resistant Tumor Cells, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Vourloumis, T. Li, J. Pastor, N. Winssinger, Y. He, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, H. Vallberg, F. Roschangar, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, P. Giannakakou, P. Verdier-Pinard, E. Hamel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2097–2103.

383. New Synthetic Technology for the Stereocontrolled Construction of 1,1¢-Disaccharides and 1,1¢:1²,2-Trisaccharides. Synthesis of the FG Ring System of Everninomicin 13,384-1, K.C. Nicolaou, F.L. van Delft, S.R Conley, H.J. Mitchell, Z. Jin, R.M. Rodriguez, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9057–9058.

384. A Suzuki-Coupling Macrolactamization Approach to the AB-COD Bicyclic System of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, J.M. Ramanjulu, S. Natarajan, S. Bräse, H. Li, C.N.C. Boddy, F. Rübsam, Chem. Commun. 1997,1899–1900.

385. Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Eleutherobin and Sarcodictyins and Total Synthesis of Sarcodictyin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.-Y. Xu, S. Kim, T. Ohshima, S. Hosokawa, J. Pfefferkorn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11353–11354.

386. Total Synthesis of Eluetherobin, K.C. Nicolaou, F. van Delft, T. Ohshima, D. Vourloumis, J. Xu, S. Hosokawa, J. Pfefferkorn, S. Kim, T. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2520–2524.

387. Total Synthesis of 26-Hydroxyepothilone B and Related Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Ninkovic, M.R.V. Finlay, F. Sarabia, Chem. Commun. 1997,2343–2344.

388. Total Synthesis of Oxazole- and Cyclopropane-Containing Epothilone A Analogues by the Olefin Metathesis Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Vallberg, N.P. King, F. Roschangar, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, C.G. Nicolaou, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 1957–1970.

389. Total Synthesis of Oxazole- and Cyclopropane-Containing Epothilone B Analogues by the Macrolactonization Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Sarabia, M.R.V. Finlay, S. Ninkovic, N.P. King, D. Vourloumis, Y. He, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 1971–1986.

390. A Novel Approach to the CP-225,917 and CP-263,114 Core, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, N.D. Miller, G. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2821–2823.

391. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Substituted 4-Oxoesters Using the SAMP-/RAMP-Hydrazone Method, D. Enders, U. Baus, P. Müller, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Jandeleit, Molecules Online 1998, 2, 15–21.

392. Supercoiling Affects the Accessibility of Glutathione to DNA-bound Molecules: Positive Supercoiling Inhibits Calicheamicin–induced DNA Damage, W.A. LaMarr, L. Yu, K.C. Nicolaou, P.C. Dedon, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, 102–107.

393. Probing the Ring Size of Epothilones. Total Synthesis of [14]-, [15]-, [17]-, and [18]-Epothilones A, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, M.R.V. Finlay, C.N.C. Boddy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 81–84.

394. Total Synthesis of Epothilone E and Side-Chain Epothilone Analogs via the Stille Coupling Reaction, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, F. Roschangar, N.P. King, D. Vourloumis, T. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 84–87.

395. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclic Polymer Marine Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, N.D. Miller, in Carbohydrate Mimics, Y. Chapleur, Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Ch. 1, 1998, pp. 1–18.

396. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, G.-Q. Shi, J.L. Gunzner, K.A. Agrios, P. Gärtner, Nature 1998, 392, 264–269.

397. Concise and Efficient Total Syntheses of Alkannin and Shikonin, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 839–841.

398. Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Construction of a Dodecasaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Watanabe, J. Li, J. Pastor, N. Winssinger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1559–1561.

399. Solid Phase Synthesis of Macrocycles by Intramolecular Ketophosphonate Reaction. Synthesis of a
(dl)-Muscone Library, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Pastor, N. Winssinger, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5132–5133.

400. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sarcodictyins, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, J.-Y. Xu, T. Ohshima, S. Hosokawa, D. Vourloumis, T. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1418–1421.

401. Total Synthesis of 26-Hydroxy-Epothilone B and Related Analogs via a Macrolactonization Based Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R.V. Finlay, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 7127–7166.

402. Synthesis and Biological Properties of C12,13-Cyclopropyl-Epothilone A and Related Epothilones, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R.V. Finlay, S. Ninkovic, N.P. King, Y. He, T. Li, F. Sarabia, D. Vourloumis, Chem. Biol. 1998, 5, 365–372.

403. Expeditious Routes to Evernitrose and Vancosamine and Synthesis of a Model Vancomycin Aryl Glycoside, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, F.L. van Delft, F. Rübsam, R.M. Rodriguez, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1871–1874.

404. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Everninomicin A1B(A)C Ring Framework, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Rodriguez, H.J. Mitchell, F.L. van Delft, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1874–1876.

405. Targeted Therapy with a Novel Enediyne Antibiotic Calicheamicin qI1 Effectively Supresses Growth and Dissemination of Liver Metastases in a Syngenetic Model of Murine Neuroblastoma, H.N. Lode, R.A. Reisfeld, R. Handgretinger, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Gaedicke, W. Wrasidlo, Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 2925–2928.

406. Chemical Biology of Epothilones, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Roschangar, D. Vourloumis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2014–2045.

407. Solution Structure of the Complex between the Head-to-Tail Dimer of Calicheamicin g1I Oligosaccharide and a DNA Duplex Containing d(ACCT) and d(TCCT) High Affinity Binding Systems, G. Bifulco, A. Galeone, K.C. Nicolaou, W.J. Chazin, L. Gomez-Paloma, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7183–7191.

408. Total Synthesis of Sarcodictyins A and B. K.C. Nicolaou, J. Xu, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, T. Ohshima, D. Vourloumis, S. Hosokawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8661–8673.

409. Total Synthesis of Eleutherobin and Eleuthosides A and B. K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ohshima, S. Hosokawa, F. van Delft, D. Vourloumis, J. Xu, J. Pfefferkorn, S. Kim, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8674–8680.

410. Synthesis of N-Heterocycles via Lactam-Derived Ketene Aminal Phosphates. Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Amino Acids, K.C. Nicolaou, G.-Q. Shi, K. Namoto, F. Bernal, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1757–1758.

411. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evualation of Nonpeptide Integrin Antagonists, K.C. Nicolaou, J.I. Trujillo, B. Jandeleit, K. Chibale, M. Rosenfeld, S.L. Goodman, B. Diefenbach, D.A. Cheresh, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1998, 6, 1185–1208.

412. The Art and Science of Organic and Natural Products Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, E.J. Sorensen, N. Winssinger, J. Chem. Ed. 1998, 75, 1225–1258.

413. Polymer Supported Selenium Reagents for Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Pastor, S. Barluenga, N. Winssinger, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1947–1948.

414. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Macrocyclic Systems by a Cyclorelease Strategy: Application of the Stille Coupling to a Synthesis of (S)-Zearalenone, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, J. Pastor, F. Murphy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2534–2537.

415. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon. Part 1: Synthesis of Amino Acids 4–7 and Construction of the AB-COD Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Natarajan, H. Li, N.F. Jain, R. Hughes, M.E. Solomon, J.M. Ramanjulu, C.N.C. Boddy, M. Takayanagi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708–2714.

416. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon. Part 2: Synthesis of Amino Acids 1–3 and Construction of the AB-COD-DOE Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, N.F. Jain, S. Natarajan, R. Hughes, M.E. Solomon, H. Li, J.M. Ramanjulu, M. Takayanagi, A.E. Koumbis, T. Bando, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2714–2716.

417. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon. Part 3: Final Stages, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Takayanagi, N.F. Jain, S. Natarajan, A.E. Koumbis, T. Bando, J.M. Ramanjulu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.1998, 37, 2717–2719.

418. Solid and Solution Phase Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Combinatorial Sarcodictyin Libraries. K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, D. Vourloumis, T. Ohshima, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, J.Y. Xu, T. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 10814–10826.

419. Organic Synthesis: From Art to Science to Enabling Technology for Biology and Medicine, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gunzner, in Challenges and Visions: Chemistry Research—2000 and Beyond, P. Barkin, Vol. Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, Ch. 6, 1998, pp. 66–102.

420. Ring-Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Epothilones and Polyether Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, N.P. King, Y. He, in Vol. 1 Alkene Metathesis in Organic Synthesis; A. Fürstner, Vol. Ed., in Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998, pp. 73–104.

421. Chemical Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, in Bioorganic Chemistry: Carbohydrates, S.M. Hecht, Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, Ch. 4, Vol. 3, 1998, pp. 134–173.

422. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, N.F. Jain, N. Winssinger, R. Hughes, T. Bando, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 240–244.

423. The Chemistry and Biology of Alkannin, Shikonin and Related Naphthazarin Natural Products, V.P. Papageorgiou, A.N. Assimopoulou, E.A. Couladouros, D. Hepworth, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 270–301.

424. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 1. First Generation Strategy and Construction of BCD Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Bunnage, D.G. McGarry, S. Shi, P.K. Somers, P.A. Wallace, X.-J. Chu, K.A. Agrios, J.L. Gunzner, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 599–617.

425. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 2. Second Generation Strategy and Construction of EFGH Model System, K.C. Nicolaou, P.A. Wallace, S. Shi, M.A. Ouellette, M.E. Bunnage, J.L. Gunzner, K.A. Agrios, G.-Q. Shi, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 618–627.

426. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 3. Construction of GHIJ and BCDE Ring Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, Q.-G. Shi, J.L. Gunzner, P. Gärtner, P.A. Wallace, M.A. Ouellette, S. Shi, M.E. Bunnage, K.A. Agrios, C.A. Veale, C.-K. Hwang, J. Hutchinson, C.V.C. Prasad, W.W. Ogilvie, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 628–645.

427. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 4. Final Stages and Completion, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gunzner, G.-Q. Shi, K.A. Agrios, P. Gärtner, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 646–658.

428. A Novel Route to the Fused Maleic Anhydride Moiety of CP Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, R. Jautelat, Y. He, K.C. Fong, H.-S. Choi, W.H. Yoon, Y.-L. Zhong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 549–552.

429. Synthesis of Namenamicin A–C Disaccharide: Towards the Total Synthesis of Namenamicin, D.A. Weinstein, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1999, 545–558.

430. Crystal Structure of the Potent Natural Product Inhibitor Balanol in Complex with the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase. N. Narayana, T.C. Diller, K. Koide, M.E. Bunnage, K.C. Nicolaou, L.L. Brunton, N.-H. Xuong, L.F. Ten Eyck, S.S. Taylor, Biochemistry 1999, 38, 2367–2376.

431. Nodule-Inducing Activity of Synthetic Sinorhizobium meliloti Nodulation Factors and Related Lipo-Chitooligoasaccharides on Alfalfa. Importance of the Acyl Chain Structure, N. Demont-Caulet, F. Maillet, D. Tailler, J.-C. Jacquinet, J.-C. Promé, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Truchet, J.-M. Beau, J. Dénarié, Plant Physiol. 1999, 120, 83–92.

432. Synthesis of 16-Desmethylepothilone B: Improved Metholodgy for the Rapid, Highly Selective and Convergent Construction of Epothilone B and Related Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, M.R.V. Finlay, N.P. King, B. Werschkun, A. Bigot, Chem. Commun. 1999, 519–520.

433. Total Synthesis of Epothilone E and Related Side Chain Modified Analogs via a Stille Coupling Based Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, Y. He, F. Roschangar, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, D. Hepworth, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1999, 7, 665–697.

434. Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of Sanglifehrin A, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ohshima, F. Murphy, S. Barluenga, J. Xu, Chem. Commun. 1999, 809–910.

435. The Coral-Derived Natural Products Eleutherobin and Sarcodictyins A and B: Effects on the Assembly of Purified Tubulin With and Without Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Binding at the Polymer Taxoid Site, E. Hamel, D.L. Sackett, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Vourloumis, Biochemistry 1999, 38, 5490–5498.

436. Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized Bicyclic Core of Garsubellin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, S. Kim, H.X. Wei, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4724–4725.

437. Novel Strategies to Construct the γ-Hydroxy Lactone Moiety of the CP Molecules. Synthesis of the CP-225,917 Core Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, K.C. Fong, W.H. Yoon, H.S. Choi, Y.L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 63–66.

438. Total Synthesis of the CP Molecules CP-263,114 and CP-225,917 - Part 1: Synthesis of Key Intermediates and Intelligence Gathering, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, H.-S. Choi, W.H. Yoon, Y. He, K.C. Fong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1669–1675.

439. Total Synthesis of the CP Molecules CP-263,114 and CP-225,917 - Part 2: Evolution of the Final Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, K.C. Fong, Y. He, W.H. Yoon, H.-S. Choi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1676–1678.

440. Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine of the Glycopeptide Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, S. Bräse, N. Winssinger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2096–2152.

441. Total Synthesis of Sanglifehrin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Xu, F. Murphy, S. Barluenga, O. Baudoin, H.-X. Wei, D. Gray, T. Ohshima, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2447–2451.

442. A Facile Method for the Solution and Solid Phase Synthesis of Substituted [3.3.1] Bicycles, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, G.-Q. Cao, S. Kim, J. Kessabi, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 807–810.

443. New Synthetic Technology for the Synthesis of Hindered a-Diazoketones via Acyl Mesylates, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, H.-S. Choi, K.C. Fong, Y. He, W.H. Yoon, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 883–886.

444. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 1. Design and Development of Methodology, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Li, C.N.C. Boddy, J.M. Ramanjulu, T.Y. Yue, S. Natarajan, X.-J. Chu, S. Bräse, R. Rübsam, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2584–2601.

445. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 2. Retrosynthetic Analysis, Synthesis of Amino Acid Building Blocks and Strategy Evaluations, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, H. Li, A.E. Koumbis, R. Hughes, S. Natarajan, N.F. Jain, J.M. Ramanjulu, S. Bräse, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2602–2621.

446. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 3. Synthesis of the Aglycon, K.C. Nicolaou, A.E. Koumbis, M. Takayanagi, S. Natarajan, N.F. Jain, T. Bando, H. Li, R. Hughes, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2622–2647.

447. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 4. Attachment of the Sugar Moieties and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, N.F. Jain, R. Hughes, N. Winssinger, S. Natarajan, A.E. Koumbis, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2648–2667.

448. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 1. Synthesis of the A1B(A)C Fragment, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, H. Suzuki, R.M. Rodríguez, O. Baudoin, K.C. Fylaktakidou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3334–3339.

449. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 2. Synthesis of the FGHA2 Fragment, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Rodríguez, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Suzuki, H.J. Mitchell, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3340–3345.

450. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 3. Synthesis of the DE Fragment and Completion of the Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, R.M. Rodríguez, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Suzuki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3345–3350.

451. Total Synthesis and Chemical Biology of the Sarcodictyins, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Pfefferkorn, J. Xu, N. Winssinger, T. Ohshima, S. Kim, S. Hosokawa, D. Vourloumis, F. van Delft, T. Li, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 47, 1199–1213.

452. Biomimetic Explorations Towards the Bisorbicillinoids: Total Synthesis of Bisorbicillinol, Bisorbibutenolide, and Trichodimerol, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, K.B. Simonsen, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, V.P. Vidali, E.N. Pitsinos, E.A. Couladouros, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3555–3559.

453. Studies Towards Trichodimerol: Novel Cascade Reactions and Polycyclic Frameworks, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Jautelat, G. Vassilikogiannakis, P.S. Baran, K. Simonsen, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3651–3665.

454. Chemistry, Biology and Medicine of Selected Tubulin Polymerizing Agents. K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71, 989–997.

455. Inhibition of Protein Kinases by Balanol: Specificity within the Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Subfamily, J. Setyawan, K. Koide, T.C. Diller, S.S. Taylor, K.C. Nicolaou, L.L. Brunton, Mol. Pharmacol. 1999, 56, 370–376.

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